Tenders

South Korea DEMAN

DLA DISPOSTION SERVICE - EBS

THE INTENT OF THIS SOURCES SOUGHT IS TO IDENTIFY QUALIFIED SMALL BUSINESSES, specifically 8(a), HUBZone, woman-owned, and service-disabled veteran-owned small businesses, for the requirement described below. The intent of this Sources Sought is to identify capable small business that can perform with limitations on subcontracting. The scope of work provides all personnel, equipment, containers, tools, materials, supervision, and other items or services necessary to perform de-manufacturing (DEMAN) operations. The Contractor shall meet the standards including disposal and recycling as defined in this Performance Work Statement for Defense Logistics Agency Disposition Services (DLA DS) site located at Gimcheon, South Korea. DLA DS disposes of foreign excess personal property of the United States Department of War (U.S. DoW). DLA DS receives property that is no longer required for use in the DoW and decides whether the property is usable or scrap. If usable property is not needed for redistribution within the Federal U.S. Government, it may be donated to state and local U.S. Governments, sold to the public, or processed for recovery of specific metals and materials required for use by the DoW. Only material that has not been disposed of by these outlets or is determined to be scrap shall be subject to this contract. FAR 52.52.219-14 Limitations on Subcontracting (FEB 2023) CLASS DEVIATION 2021-O0008 states the Offeror/Contractor agrees to not pay more than 50% of the amount paid by the Government for contract performance to subcontractors that are not similarly situated entities. Contractors may be subject to a minimum $500,000 fine if awarded a contract with this clause and don’t meet the requirement. *The Government intends to solicit proposals on SAM.gov and award a Firm-Fixed Priced, Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity Services Contract. The contract is anticipated to have one 18-month base period, followed by two 18-month option periods. There is no solicitati

USACE Enterprise Dredge Delivery Center Scope Dredge to Budget Shallow Draft

W074 ENDIST WILMINGTON

W912PM27RA008 Intent to Consolidate Notice The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Enterprise Dredge Delivery Center requires a contract to perform maintenance dredging of three (3) dredging projects. The areas of consideration for these dredging services are Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Channel to Victoria, and Channel to Harlingen located in Texas. In accordance with Revolutionary FAR Overhaul (RFO) 7.107-3, the Government intends to consolidate three (3) contracts for maintenance dredging of Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Channel to Victoria, and Channel to Harlingen performed by a small business. The consolidated effort will be solicited as a small business set-aside. The consolidation of the three (3) identified projects is in the best interest of the Government. This consolidation meets the requirements of RFO 7.107 and the benefits of the consolidated acquisition would substantially exceed the benefits that would be derived from an alternative approach. Therefore, the Government found that consolidation is necessary and justified and shall be available for seven days prior to the release of the solicitation for this requirement. The solicitation is anticipated for release on or around 19 November 2026.

United States Naval Observatory- Precise Time and Astronomy Functional Area Workflow Manager

NAVSUP FLT LOG CTR NORFOLK

This is a COMBINED PRE-SOLICITATION NOTICE / SOLICITATION for commercial services prepared in accordance with FAR Part 12- Acquisition of Commercial Services, FAR Part 15- Contracting by Negotiation, FAR Subpart 16.5- Indefinite-Delivery Contracts, and FAR Part 19- Small Business. This announcement constitutes the only solicitation; quotes are being requested and a written solicitation will not be issued. Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) Fleet Logistics Center (FLC) Norfolk Contracting Department, Norfolk VA, 23511, intends to solicit and negotiate a Firm, Fixed-Price (FFP) multiple-award Indefinite-Delivery, Indefinite-Quantity (IDIQ) contract. This combined Pre-Solicitation Notice / Solicitation will be made available on or about 29 October 2026 under Request for Quote (RFQ) number N0018927RL002 through the Government Point of Entry (GPE). This solicitation documents and incorporates provisions and clauses in effect through FAC 2026-01 (effective 17 March 2026) and DFARS Publication Notice 20260702 (effective 02 July 2026). It is the responsibility of the contractor to be familiar with the applicable clauses and provisions. The clauses and provisions may be accessed in full text at these addresses: https://www.acq.osd.mil https://www.acquisition.gov/far-overhaul Solicitation number N0018927RL002 is issued as a Request for Proposal (RFP), for the provisioning of Precise Time and Astronomy Workflow Management services in support of the United States Naval Observatory (USNO). The associated North American Industrial Classification Systems (NAICS) is 541611- Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services, and the Small Business size standard is $24.5 (millions of dollars). It is anticipated to solicit this requirement as a 100% Total Small Business Set-Aside under NAICS 541611. The Government intends to award a multiple-award Firm-Fixed-Price (FFP) Indefinite-Delivery, Indefinite-Quantity (IDIQ) Contract with up to five (5) awards as a resul

USACE - SWG Environmental Services for Evaluation of Dredged Material

US ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT GALVESTON

SOURCES SOUGHT SYNOPSIS The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Galveston District, has a requirement for environmental services supporting evaluation of dredged material and related services. THIS IS A SOURCES SOUGHT NOTICE ONLY. THIS ANNOUNCEMENT SEEKS INFORMATION FROM INDUSTRY THAT WILL BE USED FOR PRELIMINARY PLANNING PURPOSES. THIS IS NOT A REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS, REQUEST FOR QUOTATIONS, OR INVITATION FOR BIDS. IT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A PROCUREMENT COMMITMENT BY THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE. NO CONTRACT WILL BE AWARDED FROM THIS SOURCES SOUGHT NOTICE. Responses are strictly voluntary. No reimbursement will be made for any costs associated with providing information in response to this Sources Sought Notice or any follow-up information requests. Respondents will not be notified of the results of the Government’s evaluation. The Government is considering a competitive, single-award, indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) contract with firm-fixed-price task orders. The contemplated ordering period is one 12-month base period and four 12-month option periods. The anticipated maximum contract capacity is up to $10,000,000 over the total ordering period. The final acquisition strategy, including the number of awards, contract type, contract capacity, ordering period, NAICS code, and socioeconomic set-aside decision, will be based on the results of market research and acquisition planning. BASED ON THE RESPONSES TO THIS SOURCES SOUGHT NOTICE/MARKET RESEARCH, THIS REQUIREMENT MAY BE SET ASIDE FOR SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OR PROCURED THROUGH FULL AND OPEN COMPETITION. ALL SMALL BUSINESS SET-ASIDE CATEGORIES WILL BE CONSIDERED. NO SITE VISIT, PRE-PROPOSAL CONFERENCE, OR INDUSTRY DAY WILL BE HELD. DESCRIPTION OF REQUIREMENT The anticipated requirement is for environmental services supporting evaluation of dredged material for placement suitability and assessment of potential effects in terrestrial, marine, estuarine,

Notice of Intent to Sole Source to gCaptain

DEPT OF COMMERCE NOAA

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO) Portfolio Acquisition Executive (PAE) Platforms, using the procedures set forth in RFO Part 12, intends to negotiate on a sole source basis with gCaptain, LLC. located at 630 Quintana Road, Suite 192, Morrow Bay, CA for a firm-fixed price purchase order for job advertising services on gCaptain’s website to support outreach. Award is anticipated to occur by December 11, 2026. OMAO conducts outreach events targeting maritime experience eligible applicants/employees in order to maintain a strong workforce in a maritime community in which hiring is competitive. OMAO advertises in magazines and websites throughout the year in order to recruit for difficult to fill positions such as mariners licensed and unlicensed in deck, engine and stewards departments. The gCaptain website is the only known professional mariner site in regards to readership and site visits of over 1,200,000 per month. This company targets professional mariners, licensed and unlicensed in deck, engine and steward departments.gCaptain is the sole source for job advertising on their professional mariner website The North American Industry Classification System Code (NAICS) is 516210, Media Streaming Distribution Services, Social Networks, and Other Media Networks and Content Providers which has a size standard of $41.5M. This requirement will be issued as a small business set-aside. This presolicitation notice does not constitute a solicitation - a Request for Proposal (RFP), Request for Quotation (RFQ), or an Invitation for Bid (IFB) - and it does not restrict the Government in any way regarding its ultimate acquisition approach. However, if any other interested party believes that it can meet the requirements, it may submit a statement of capabilities, which if timely received, will be considered by NOAA. A determination by the Government not to compete this proposed requirement based upon respons

NRT Callout Searmont,ME

ATF

Please see attached Justification For Other Than Full And Open Competition (JOFOC)

Plant 42 Commercial Internet Services

FA9301 AFTC PZIO

Amendment 2: Update to Model Contract to reflect the annual recurring services under X001 SLINs from 1 year to the breakdown of 12 months Amendment 1: Update to Model Contract (Attachment 5) CLIN structure. (i) This is a solicitation for commercial services prepared in accordance with RFO Part 12, as supplemented with additional information included in this notice. This announcement constitutes the only solicitation; proposals are being requested and a written solicitation will not be issued. Hereafter, this notice shall be titled "Plant 42 Commercial Internet Services." (ii) Solicitation Number: FA930127Q0005 . This solicitation is issued as a Request for Quote (RFQ) to offerors. Please review all solicitation documentation for complete instructions and requirement information. Interested parties who believe they can meet the requirements for the services described in this solicitation are invited to submit a completed quote using the attached SF. Vendors are required to submit with their quote enough information for the Government to evaluate the minimum requirements detailed in the solicitation. Any information provided in response to this solicitation is strictly voluntary; the Government will not pay for information submitted in response to this solicitation. Award will be made using the criteria in RFO 52.212-2 and its Addendum (Attachment 3). (iii) Defense Priorities and Allocation System (DPAS): N/A (iv) This solicitation is proceeding through Full and Open competition. The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code for this project is 517111, “Wired Telecommunications Carriers” with a size standard of 1,500 employees. The Product Service Code is DG11, “IT and Telecom—Network: Satellite Communications and Telecom Access Services”. (v) Contract Line Item Number (CLIN) Nomenclature and Contract Structure: Please review Attachment 5 - Model Contract for detailed CLIN structure. (vi) As a result of policy beginning 10 November 2025, we would like

J065-- HVAC upgrades at VA Loch Raven location

245-NETWORK CONTRACT OFFICE 5 (36C245)

The contractor will provide all material, labor, equipment, and supervision necessary to complete the above-named project at the VA Maryland Health Care System (VAMHCS), Building 1 Community Living Center (CLC) of the Loch Raven Campus. Primary Deliverables and Project Requirements Covid Ward 2nd floor B wing Upgrade exhaust fans Air Handling Unit (AHU-B) located in attic Replace and upgrade EF-1A and EF-1B for higher CFM outputs Install heat tracing for chillers Wiring and junction box located in room G-15. Chiller located outside CLC in the pit behind the service road. Assess current heat tracing for chill water line. Complete and terminate existing heat tracing wiring to an emergency electrical panel in G-17 in coordination with the VA. Panel selection is TBD. Install a 20-amp GFPE circuit breaker for the heat tracing to the panel selected by the VA. Kitchen basement Replace cooling coil(s) AHU-E located in attic. Replace fan motor AHU-E located in attic. AHU has one fan. New motor must be rated for and capable of sustaining a fan speed of 60Hz. Replace Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) VFD located in the attic and attached to the AHU Replace VFD in kind with Manufacturer (ABB) Controls Integration & Coordination VA has an existing contract with Johnson Controls International (JCI). The contractor shall coordinate with the COR and Facility Maintenance to satisfy necessities for the facility s existing Building Automation System (BAS) controls corresponding to all new work. Contractor will replace/reinstall or provide new hardware or connections for BAS monitoring when required to complete BAS programming or integration. This can include control wiring, modulators, switches, routing, existing equipment etc. These requirements are determined on a case-by-case basis. Testing Adjusting & Balancing (TAB) TAB shall occur after HVAC modifications are made. It must be performed by a certified vendor/contractor per TABB and/or other ANAB accredited programs for standard indu

Y1DA--NRM-CONST | 528A4-27-202 Salt Barn Batavia | FY27 NRM

242-NETWORK CONTRACT OFFICE 02 (36C242)

USCGC Joseph Tezanos DD FY27

DF01--RFI - F5 Load Balancer Replacement (VA-27-00017931)

TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION CENTER NJ (36C10B)

See the Questions and Answers F5 Load Balancer Replacement and Maintenance Request for Information document.

Lenel OnGuard system with LenelS2 physical security solutions

NAVSEA WARFARE CENTER

This is a special notice prepared in accordance with the Revolutionary FAR Overhaul (RFO) Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) 5.1 “Pre-solicitation Notice” for Commercial Simplified Acquisition in accordance with FAR 12.201-1(c)(2). The Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) intends to solicit for: a new Lenel OnGuard system with LenelS2 physical security solutions, as detailed herein. This announcement constitutes the only solicitation and a written solicitation will not be issued. Under the authority of Revolutionary FAR Overhaul FAR 12.201-1(c)(2), the Government may solicit quotations directly from suppliers for this acquisition at or below the simplified acquisition threshold. Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) intends to award a brand name, minimum specifications only, FOB destination, firm fixed price (FFP) purchase order using Simplified Acquisition Procedures, in accordance to attached. Quotes are being requested under this RFQ and in accordance with FAR5.201(b)(2), a separate solicitation notice will not be published.

N099--JLM Roll Up Door Replacement

256-NETWORK CONTRACT OFFICE 16 (36C256)

Description This is a combined synopsis/solicitation for commercial products and commercial services prepared in accordance with the format in Revolutionary FAR Overhaul (RFO) (FAR) subpart 12.2, Solicitation, Evaluation, and Award as supplemented with additional information included in this notice. This announcement constitutes the only solicitation; quotes are being requested, and a written solicitation document will not be issued. This solicitation is issued as an RFQ. The solicitation document and incorporated provisions and clauses are those in effect through Federal Acquisition Circular FAC 2026-01 (eff. 03/13/2026) FAR Deviation JAN 2026 (eff. 01/22/2026) VAAR DEVIATION FEB 2026 (eff. 03/17/2026) VAAM Alert 26-02 (eff. 10/28/2025) Acquisition Policy Flash 26-26 eff. 03/17/2026) 4. This solicitation is for Roll Up Door Replacement and the solicitation number is 36C25627Q0092. This solicitation is a 100% SDVOSB set-aside, and the Government anticipates awarding a firm-fixed price contract from this solicitation. The associated North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code for this procurement is 238290, with a small business size standard of $22M. The FSC/PSC is N099 Installation Of Equipment- Misc. The Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System is seeking to purchase the service for isolation Valves installed for steam and condensate lines IAW with attached statement of work. All interested companies shall provide quotations for the following: Supplies/Services: See Section B.2, Cost/Price Schedule Place of Performance/Place of Delivery Address: Eugene J. Towbin Healthcare Center Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System 2200 Fort Roots Drive North Little Rock, AR 72114 Site visit is scheduled for November 06, 2026, time 10am . Location of site visit is stated in attached SOW. POC is Justin Harper, Justin.Harper2@va.gov All questions are due by November 10, 2026 3PM CST. All quoters shall submit the following: Quotes should be emailed to jose

Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and Commercially Pure Titanium Raw Material

NASA SHARED SERVICES CENTER

See attached RFQ and SOW

CHICKEN (BULK) Products for Domestic Food Assistance Programs Assistance

USDA AMS 3J14

This is a combined synopsis/solicitation for commercial products or commercial services prepared in accordance with part 5.101(d). This announcement constitutes the only solicitation. Offers are being requested and a separate written solicitation will not be issued. Solicitation number 12-3J14-26-B-0021 (WBSCM ID 2000011578) is issued as a invitation for bid (IFB) for Chicken (Bulk) Products pursuant to the AMS Master Invitation for Bids Domestic Commodity Procurement for use in the Federal Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs. This acquisition is not set-aside for small business concerns. This solicitation incorporates provisions and clauses by reference. The full text of provisions and clauses may be accessed electronically at www.acquisition.gov . NOTICE FOR FILING AGENCY PROTESTS United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Ombudsman Program The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is committed to fair, transparent, and efficient acquisitions. Interested parties with concerns about this solicitation are encouraged to seek resolution through the following USDA procedures. Tier 1: Contracting Officer Concern Resolution Submission: Interested parties with concerns about either the solicitation or subsequent award should first submit their concern directly to the Contracting Officer, providing sufficient detail to allow the Contracting Officer to understand and assess the issue. Process: The Contracting Officer will review the concern, seek clarification as needed, and engage with the interested party to attempt prompt resolution. Review Timeline: The Contracting Officer will make every effort to provide a response or resolution within 10 business days of receiving the concern. Effect on Award or Performance: Tier 1 engagement is not considered an official notification of filing an agency protest and does not pause solicitation deadlines, delay award decisions, or suspend contract performance. Next Steps: If the matter cannot be resolved at Tier 1, the

N6660427R3101 MARKET SURVEY - NUWCDIVNPT Code 25 C2 Follow-On

NUWC DIV NEWPORT

AMENDMENT 0002: See updates to Market Survey Attachment 2 Draft Key Personnel requirements (Revision 01) of this posting, updated in light of questions received via the PIEE Questions and Answers portal for this posting. No other Market Survey contents were changed. AMENDMENT 0001: See updates to the Market Survey attached to this posting as of 06 November 2026, updated in light of questions received via the PIEE Questions and Answers portal for this posting. This is the Market Survey for the NUWCDIVNPT Code 25 Command and Control (C2) partial follow-on requirement (originally posted 27 October 2026, Amendment 0001 issued 06 November 2026). NOTE only small businesses on the Seaport MAC may respond to this Market Survey. See the Market Survey (MS) for all respondent instructions and associated MS attachments.

F--Mold remediation, Merritt Island NWR

This is a combined synopsis/solicitation for commercial products and commercial services prepared in accordance with the format in Subpart 12.6, as supplemented with additional information included in this notice. This announcement constitutes the only solicitation; quotes are being requested and a separate written solicitation will not be issued. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is issuing a Request for Quotes for the Mold Remediation at the Merritt Island NWR, FL. The anticipated performance period is shown below. Period of Performance: Contract award ¿ September 30, 2027 Solicitation 140FF027Q0053 is issued as a Request for Quotation (RFQ) is 100% Small Business Set Aside and is conducted under FAR Parts 12 and 13, incorporating provisions and clauses in effect through Federal Acquisition Circular FAC Number: 2026-01, Effective Date: 03/13/2026. The applicable North American Classification System (NAICS) code is 562910, Remediation Services. The small business size standard is $25 Million. Terms & Conditions: Any additional contract requirement(s) or terms and conditions determined by the contracting officer to be necessary for this acquisition and consistent with customary commercial practices are attached included in the Attachment Solicitation-provisions and clauses- 140FF027Q0053. The full text of the referenced FAR clauses may be accessed electronically at https://www.acquisition.gov/far/ or see terms & conditions attached to the solicitation. In order to be eligible for award, all contractors must have an Active Registration in the System for Award Management (SAM) website https://sam.gov/content/home. Please note, SAM is a free website and there is never a cost to register your entity. Prior to or following receipt of an award, the Contractor must register with the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Invoice Processing Platform System (IPP) to submit requests for payment. Please note, IPP is a free website and there is never a cost to complete registration. In

DA01--Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology (VISTA) Blood Establishment Computer Software (VBECS) Operations and Maintenance Support II

TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION CENTER NJ (36C10B)

VA is seeking sources that are able to provide full lifecycle sustainment and operational support, and any associated bug/fix development, and regulatory compliance services for the VA s existing Veterans Health Administration s VBECS, an FDA regulated Class II Medical Device Software product. The Contractor will be required to plan, manage, develop bug/fixes, test, deploy, maintain, document, and continuously monitor the VBECS system throughout the DevOps lifecycle. The Contractor will be required to maintain all system related documentation, ensuring accuracy, traceability, and compliance with FDA Quality System Regulations (21 CFR 820), ISO 13485:2016, and VA cybersecurity and privacy requirements. The Contractor will be required to support all activities required to maintain the VBECS s existing Authority to Operate, including preparation, validation, and submission of documentation within the SNOW Continuous Authorization and Monitoring environment, and continuous support for audits, assessments, and security reviews.

J065--ATP2 Maintenance

257-NETWORK CONTRACT OFFICE 17 (36C257)

Application Hosting Services

CDC OFFICE OF ACQUISITION SERVICES

CDC currently operates multiple data centers with primary locations at Roybal and Chamblee Campuses in Atlanta, Georgia, as well as CDC remote facilities. These data centers are centrally managed along with consolidated database services, consolidated Web services, shared infrastructure, application hosting services and operations. CDC monitors and manages the non-Atlanta locations remotely from Atlanta. The Contractor shall provide on-site personnel to support the requirements at the Roybal and Chamblee Campuses. At the Government’s request, Contractor personnel may also be required to travel to CDC’s remote facilities to perform necessary services.

Corrosion-Resistant Steel (CRES) Raw Materials

NASA SHARED SERVICES CENTER

See attached RFQ and SOW

NOTICE OF INTENT TO CONTRACT WITH A SINGLE SOURCE: LEV VORTAC Electrical Power Service Distribution

6973GH FRANCHISE ACQUISITION SVCS

NO PHONE CALLS PLEASE. ALL QUESTIONS MUST BE IN WRITING AND EMAILED TO THE CONTRACTING OFFICER CONTACT INFORMATION BELOW. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) intends to negotiate a contract on a single source basis with local electrical utility provider, Entergy Louisiana, LLC, for the design, construction, and installation of new electrical service to the LEV VORTAC facility. In accordance with the FAA Acquisition Management System paragraph 3.2.2.4, the purpose of this announcement is to inform industry of the basis of the FAA's decision to contract with a selected source using single source procedures. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) intends to award a single source, one-time, Firm Fixed Price contract for this project. This announcement is for informational purposes only, not a Solicitation/Request for Proposal. A competitive solicitation is not available for this procurement. All questions pertaining to this announcement should be addressed via email to Stephen.N.Branch@faa.gov no later than Tuesday November 16, 2026 by 4:00 pm Central Time (no phone calls please). Emails must have “LEV Electrical - Notice of Intent to Single Source” in the subject.

Night Vision Devise (NVD) Test Set (NVDTS)

W6QK ACC- DTA

Sources Sought Disclaimer: This Sources Sought is for informational purposes only. This is not a Request for Proposal (RFP) to be submitted. It does not constitute a solicitation and shall not be construed as a commitment by the Government. Responses in any form are not offers and the Government is under no obligation to award a contract as a result of this announcement. Response to this questionnaire is voluntary and no reimbursement will be made for any costs associated with providing information in response to this market survey and any follow-on information requests. Data submitted in response to this market investigation will not be returned. Subject: Sources Sought for modernized, multi-spectral, automated test set during field- and depot-level maintenance across Army aviation and ground night vision systems. Purpose: The Army Contracting Command – Detroit Arsenal (ACC-DTA), on behalf of the Project Manager Force Projection (PM FP), Test, Maintenance and Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE), is issuing this Sources Sought notice as a means of conducting market research to identify parties having an interest in and the resources to determine the availability, technical maturity, trade space, and budgetary cost benchmarks for COTS or Non-Developmental Item (NDI) electro-optical test stations capable of fulfilling the requirements outlined in the Purchase Description (attachment) for the Night Vision Device Test Set (NVDTS). Background: The Product Director Test, Maintenance, and Diagnostic Equipment (PD TMDE) requires a modernized, multi-spectral, automated test set to verify operational and performance parameters during field- and depot-level maintenance across Army aviation and ground night vision systems. The intended system must evaluate legacy Image Intensifier (I2) devices, thermal weapon sights, fused multi-band systems (e.g., ENVG-B), and digital augmented reality displays (e.g., IVAS). Our technical and operational communities need to assess the degree to which